Development Settings on Windows

主要记录在windows 7/10平台下安装terminal以及相对应的环境设置

Windows itself

关闭休眠功能

通过管理员打开命令行，然后执行powercfg -hibernate off
通过关闭该睡眠功能，可以删除C:\hiberfil.sys文件（文件大概6GB大小）
如想再开启，执行powercfg -hibernate on即可

Windows Powershell

修改prompt

reference pages

首先，修改execution policy

Set-ExecutionPolicy RemoteSigned

其次，powershell默认不会创建profile script，因此需要在特定位置创建特定名称的profile script文件

可以在powershell中键入$profile命令，然后得到下面类似的路径以及文件名

C:\Users\Pyrad\Documents\WindowsPowerShell\Microsoft.PowerShell_profile.ps1

这个文件其实就相当于~/.bashrc文件

如上创建文件，再定义一个函数Prompt，这个函数会覆盖默认的Prompt函数

function Prompt
{
    $promptString = "PS " + $(Get-Location) + ">"
    Write-Host $promptString -NoNewline -ForegroundColor Yellow
    return " "
}

显示文件内容

类似linux中cat命令的powershell命令是type

type filename.txt

使用Python查看CPU信息

关于 Win32类，参考 MSDN说明

"""
This needs Python 3 and module pywin32
"""

import os, platform, subprocess, re

def get_cpu_type():
    from win32com.client import GetObject
    root_winmgmts = GetObject("winmgmts:root\cimv2")
    cpus = root_winmgmts.ExecQuery("Select * from Win32_Processor")
    return cpus[0].Name

def get_cpu_name():
    if platform.system() == "Windows":
        return platform.processor()
    elif platform.system() == "Darwin":
        os.environ['PATH'] = os.environ['PATH'] + os.pathsep + '/usr/sbin'
        command = "sysctl -n machdep.cpu.brand_string"
        return subprocess.check_output(command).strip()
    elif platform.system() == "Linux":
        command = "cat /proc/cpuinfo"
        all_info = subprocess.check_output(command, shell=True).decode().strip()
        for line in all_info.split("\n"):
            if "model name" in line:
                return re.sub(".*model name.*:", "", line, 1)
    return ""

if __name__ == "__main__":
    print(f"Current machine's CPU is {get_cpu_type()}")
    print(f"Current machine's CPU name {get_cpu_name()}")

查看环境变量

使用 Get-ChildItem 列出所有的环境变量

Get-ChildItem env:

由于ls，dir 和 gci 都是 Get-ChildItem 的别名，因此使用它们具有同样的效果

Get-Alias -Definition Get-ChildItem

结果

PS D:\Pyrad\Gitee\webcrawler\housecrawler> Get-Alias -Definition Get-ChildItem

CommandType     Name                                               Version    Source
-----------     ----                                               -------    ------
Alias           dir -> Get-ChildItem
Alias           gci -> Get-ChildItem
Alias           ls -> Get-ChildItem

查看单个环境变量

比如，查看PATH变量。

$env:PATH
Get-Item Env:PATH

因为 PATH 变量是由分号 ; 分隔开来，也可以使用如下命令来做字符串分割，

$Env:Path.Split(';')

Visual Studio Code

Do colorization of inactive preprocessor blocks

Hey @ivsanro1, thanks for bumping this issue. We added a setting in v0.16.0 to turn this off from settings.json.

To disable the setting:

Navigate to settings.json via the default shortcut of ctrl + , or by using the menu bar File > Preferences > Settings

Select User Settings or Workspace Settings in the right panel depending on whether you’d prefer the setting to affect your user settings or your workspace settings

In the settings search bar, enter C_Cpp.dimInactiveRegions

Move the cursor to the left side of C_Cpp.dimInactiveRegions entry in the Default Settings panel (left panel)

Select the pencil icon

Select false

Observe that the C_Cpp.dimInactiveRegions entry exists in the user/workspace settings panel (right panel), set to false

Observe that inactive regions are no longer colorized

I’ll edit my former post with a header so that people stumbling upon this thread don’t get confused. Thanks again!

C++ setting in VSCode

{
    "configurations": [
        {
            "name": "Win32",
            "includePath": [
                "${workspaceFolder}/**"
            ],
            "defines": [
                "_DEBUG",
                "UNICODE",
                "_UNICODE"
            ],
            "compilerPath": "C:\\path\\to\\gcc.exe",
            "cStandard": "gnu17",
            "cppStandard": "gnu++14",
            "intelliSenseMode": "windows-gcc-x64"
        }
    ],
    "version": 4
}

MSYS2 Setting Notes

MSYS2 Installation

参考官方网站首页引导：https://www.msys2.org/

简要步骤

下载安装程序
安装，并且在安装对话框的最后一步勾选Run MSYS2 now（会弹出terminal窗口）
在弹出的terminal窗口中输入
```
$ pacman -Syu
```
并且在后面输入Y同意安装
Run “MSYS2 MSYS” from Start menu，这个会弹出另外一个terminal窗口，并再次输入
```
$ pacman -Syu
```

安装基本的套件，比如官网上提到的

$ pacman -S --needed base-devel mingw-w64-x86_64-toolchain

MSYS2 Setup

MSYS2 Packages Page

Package page link

Terminal 中文显示切换为英文

原因是由于环境变量LANG被设定为zh_CN.UTF-8。为了切换为英文状态，设定为C.UTF-8即可

if [[ ! -z $LANG ]] && [[ $LANG == "zh_CN.UTF-8" ]]; then
	export LANG="C.UTF-8"
fi

reference page：如何让 cygwin终端中显示的中文改成英文

如何检查当前运行的是Windows Terminal环境？

直接检查环境变量 WT_SESSION，或者 WT_PROFILE_ID是否为空，如果非空，就说明是运行在Windows Terminal环境下。

echo $WT_SESSION
echo $WT_PROFILE_ID

上面两条命令的结果类似如下，

4fd166dd-afc3-4b91-87ba-c74485dd8e67
{4fd166dd-afc3-4b91-87ba-c74485dd8e67}

查看可以安装的工具套件

$ pacman -Sg

reference page：Windows安装MSYS2 切换zsh_整合cmder

安装`pip`

注意可以先使用命令查询

$ pacman -Ss pip

在列出的信息中发现有：mingw64/mingw-w64-x86_64-python-pip，选它安装

$ pacman -S mingw64/mingw-w64-x86_64-python-pip

resolving dependencies...
looking for conflicting packages...

Packages (3) mingw-w64-x86_64-python-distlib-0.3.4-1  mingw-w64-x86_64-python-setuptools-59.8.0-4
             mingw-w64-x86_64-python-pip-22.0.4-2

Total Download Size:    3.30 MiB
Total Installed Size:  21.12 MiB

:: Proceed with installation? [Y/n] Y
......

注意，不能直接使用pacman -S pip，否则会导致安装不符合版本要求的pip，并可能会导致python版本降级。

安装`man`

Package页面

$ pacman -S man-pages-posix

安装`cgdb`

不使用pacman -S cgdb（看起来会导致python的版本降低）

在Package Index中搜索cgdb，点击搜索出来的结果进入对应的Package infor页面，在对应的页面中下载如下的文件

File：https://mirror.msys2.org/msys/x86_64/cgdb-0.7.1-3-x86_64.pkg.tar.xz

下载之后，解压tar ball，把对应的目录拷贝到/home/Pyrad/procs下面去，并把cgdb设置为alias

alias cgdb='/home/Pyrad/procs/cgdb/bin/cgdb'

安装之后，记得在~/.cgdb/cgdbrc文件中设定箭头的类型（官方文档）

安装MSYS2版本的`CMake`

要下载安装的cmake版本必须是：mingw-w64-x86_64-cmake
- 这里安装的是**mingw64/mingw-w64-x86_64-cmake**
- 搜索命令：pacman -Ss cmake，然后查找对应的binary
- 安装命令：pacman -S mingw64/mingw-w64-x86_64-cmake

安装MSYS2版本的`clang`

$ pacman -S mingw-w64-clang-x86_64-toolchain

安装MSYS2版本的`bc`

这里的bc是指Basic Calculator。

首先搜索bc

pacman -Ss bc

在搜索结果中找到mingw64的版本，如下

... ...

mingw64/mingw-w64-x86_64-avr-libc 2.0.0-3 (mingw-w64-x86_64-avr-toolchain)
    The C runtime library for the AVR family of microcontrollers (mingw-w64)
mingw64/mingw-w64-x86_64-bc 1.07.1-1
    bc is an arbitrary precision numeric processing language (mingw-w64)

... ...

然后安装即可

pacman -S mingw64/mingw-w64-x86_64-bc

安装boost library

参考在MSYS2中使用CMake：Using CMake in MSYS2
Boost library的安装编译命令如下

b2.exe install --layout=system threading=multi variant=release \
	           link=shared toolset=gcc address-model=64 \
	           --build-dir="D:\procs\boost_1_79_0_src\PyradBuild" \
	           --prefix="D:\procs\boost_1_79_0_system"

注意，这里要使用--layout=system，这样生成的library才会是不带有编译器版本信息等名字的，比如libboost_filesystem.dll。

这里指定了--layout=system之后，就必须同时指定variant=release

完成编译之后，boost的目录结构如下：

boost_1_79_0_system/
	|---include/
	|		|---boost/
	|			  |---<all *.hpp headers>
	|			  |---<all_header_filer_folders>
	|			  
	|---lib/
		 |---cmake/
		 |---<all *.dll.a files>
		 |---<all *.dll files>

CMakeLists.txt中设定boost library

参考CMake帮助文档，MSYS2帮助文档：
- Boost相关设定： FindBoost
- CMake variables：cmake-variables
- 在MSYS2中使用CMake：Using CMake in MSYS2
首先，有一些CMake的变量可以用来查看系统信息，比如

MESSAGE(STATUS "[PYRAD] CYGWIN: " ${CYGWIN})
MESSAGE(STATUS "[PYRAD] MINGW: " ${MINGW})
MESSAGE(STATUS "[PYRAD] MSYS: " ${MSYS})
MESSAGE(STATUS "[PYRAD] UNIX: " ${UNIX})
MESSAGE(STATUS "[PYRAD] CMAKE_SYSTEM: " ${CMAKE_SYSTEM})
MESSAGE(STATUS "[PYRAD] CMAKE_SYSTEM_NAME: " ${CMAKE_SYSTEM_NAME})
MESSAGE(STATUS "[PYRAD] CMAKE_SYSTEM_PROCESSOR: " ${CMAKE_SYSTEM_PROCESSOR})
MESSAGE(STATUS "[PYRAD] CMAKE_HOST_SYSTEM: " ${CMAKE_HOST_SYSTEM})
MESSAGE(STATUS "[PYRAD] CMAKE_HOST_SYSTEM_NAME: " ${CMAKE_HOST_SYSTEM_NAME})

然后，因为是在Windows系统下，所以要设定如下的变量，以便CMake查找和搜索

注意，这里的路径需要设置为Windows格式的路径：D:/procs/boost_1_79_0_system

### Some hints for CMake to find boost
set(MY_BOOST_HOME_DIR "D:/procs/boost_1_79_0_system")
set(BOOST_ROOT ${MY_BOOST_HOME_DIR})
set(BOOST_INCLUDEDIR ${MY_BOOST_HOME_DIR}/include)
set(BOOST_LIBRARYDIR ${MY_BOOST_HOME_DIR}/lib)
### Let CMake find boost libraries
find_package(Boost 1.65.0 REQUIRED COMPONENTS filesystem regex)
### check if boost was found
if(Boost_FOUND)
	include_directories(${Boost_INCLUDE_DIRS})
    message(STATUS "[PYRAD] boost library is found")
	message(STATUS "[PYRAD] Boost_INCLUDE_DIRS = ${Boost_INCLUDE_DIRS}.")
    message(STATUS "[PYRAD] Boost_LIBRARIES = ${Boost_LIBRARIES}.")
    message(STATUS "[PYRAD] Boost_LIB_VERSION = ${Boost_LIB_VERSION}.")
else()
    message (FATAL_ERROR "Cannot find Boost")
endif()

CMake 编译

使用中推荐的Ninja generator

$ cmake -G Ninja <path-to-source> -DCMAKE_BUILD_TYPE=Release
$ cmake --build .

为了打印出来关于Boost CMake的一些debug信息，可以加入选项：-DBoost_DEBUG=ON

$ cmake -G Ninja <path-to-source> -DCMAKE_BUILD_TYPE=Release -DBoost_DEBUG=ON
$ cmake --build .

其中，命令cmake -G Ninja <path-to-source> -DCMAKE_BUILD_TYPE=Release -DBoost_DEBUG=ON有类似如下的输出

Pyrad@SSEA MINGW64 /d/Gitee/cpp11/build
$ cmake ../src/ -G Ninja -DCMAKE_BUILD_TYPE=Release -DBoost_DEBUG=ON
-- The C compiler identification is GNU 12.1.0
-- The CXX compiler identification is GNU 12.1.0
-- Detecting C compiler ABI info
-- Detecting C compiler ABI info - done
-- Check for working C compiler: D:/procs/msys64/mingw64/bin/cc.exe - skipped
-- Detecting C compile features
-- Detecting C compile features - done
-- Detecting CXX compiler ABI info
-- Detecting CXX compiler ABI info - done
-- Check for working CXX compiler: D:/procs/msys64/mingw64/bin/c++.exe - skipped
-- Detecting CXX compile features
-- Detecting CXX compile features - done
-- [PYRAD] This is the BINARY directory: D:/Gitee/cpp11/build
-- [PYRAD] This is the SOURCE directory: D:/Gitee/cpp11/src
-- Found Boost 1.79.0 at D:/procs/boost_1_79_0_system/lib/cmake/Boost-1.79.0
--   Requested configuration: QUIET REQUIRED COMPONENTS filesystem;regex
-- BoostConfig: find_package(boost_headers 1.79.0 EXACT CONFIG REQUIRED QUIET HINTS D:/procs/boost_1_79_0_system/lib/cmake)
-- Found boost_headers 1.79.0 at D:/procs/boost_1_79_0_system/lib/cmake/boost_headers-1.79.0
-- BoostConfig: find_package(boost_filesystem 1.79.0 EXACT CONFIG REQUIRED QUIET HINTS D:/procs/boost_1_79_0_system/lib/cmake)
-- Found boost_filesystem 1.79.0 at D:/procs/boost_1_79_0_system/lib/cmake/boost_filesystem-1.79.0
-- Boost toolset is mgw12 (GNU 12.1.0)
-- Scanning D:/procs/boost_1_79_0_system/lib/cmake/boost_filesystem-1.79.0/libboost_filesystem-variant*.cmake
--   Including D:/procs/boost_1_79_0_system/lib/cmake/boost_filesystem-1.79.0/libboost_filesystem-variant-shared.cmake
--   [x] libboost_filesystem.dll.a
-- Adding boost_filesystem dependencies: atomic;headers
-- Found boost_atomic 1.79.0 at D:/procs/boost_1_79_0_system/lib/cmake/boost_atomic-1.79.0
-- Boost toolset is mgw12 (GNU 12.1.0)
-- Scanning D:/procs/boost_1_79_0_system/lib/cmake/boost_atomic-1.79.0/libboost_atomic-variant*.cmake
--   Including D:/procs/boost_1_79_0_system/lib/cmake/boost_atomic-1.79.0/libboost_atomic-variant-shared.cmake
--   [x] libboost_atomic.dll.a
-- Adding boost_atomic dependencies: headers
-- BoostConfig: find_package(boost_regex 1.79.0 EXACT CONFIG REQUIRED QUIET HINTS D:/procs/boost_1_79_0_system/lib/cmake)
-- Found boost_regex 1.79.0 at D:/procs/boost_1_79_0_system/lib/cmake/boost_regex-1.79.0
-- Boost toolset is mgw12 (GNU 12.1.0)
-- Scanning D:/procs/boost_1_79_0_system/lib/cmake/boost_regex-1.79.0/libboost_regex-variant*.cmake
--   Including D:/procs/boost_1_79_0_system/lib/cmake/boost_regex-1.79.0/libboost_regex-variant-shared.cmake
--   [x] libboost_regex.dll.a
-- Adding boost_regex dependencies: headers
-- Found Boost: D:/procs/boost_1_79_0_system/lib/cmake/Boost-1.79.0/BoostConfig.cmake (found suitable version "1.79.0", minimum required is "1.65.0") found components: filesystem regex
-- [PYRAD] boost library is found
-- [PYRAD] Boost_INCLUDE_DIRS = D:/procs/boost_1_79_0_system/include.
-- [PYRAD] Boost_LIBRARIES = Boost::filesystem;Boost::regex.
-- [PYRAD] Boost_LIB_VERSION = 1_79.
-- Configuring done
-- Generating done
-- Build files have been written to: D:/Gitee/cpp11/build

输出`compile_commands.json`文件

$ cmake -G Ninja ../src -DCMAKE_BUILD_TYPE=Release -DCMAKE_EXPORT_COMPILE_COMMANDS=1

查找STL header file 头文件目录

在MSYS2的terminal中，可以使用下面的命令查看头文件的目录

gcc -v -c -xc++ /dev/null

如果是window powershell，用null代替/dev/null

输出的结果：

Pyrad@SSEA MINGW64 /e/temp
$ gcc -v -c -xc++ /dev/null
Using built-in specs.
COLLECT_GCC=D:\procs\msys64\mingw64\bin\gcc.exe
Target: x86_64-w64-mingw32
Configured with: ../gcc-12.1.0/configure --prefix=/mingw64 --with-local-prefix=/mingw64/local --build=x86_64-w64-mingw32 --host=x86_64-w64-mingw32 --target=x86_64-w64-mingw32 --with-native-system-header-dir=/mingw64/include --libexecdir=/mingw64/lib --enable-bootstrap --enable-checking=release --with-arch=x86-64 --with-tune=generic --enable-languages=c,lto,c++,fortran,ada,objc,obj-c++,jit --enable-shared --enable-static --enable-libatomic --enable-threads=posix --enable-graphite --enable-fully-dynamic-string --enable-libstdcxx-filesystem-ts --enable-libstdcxx-time --disable-libstdcxx-pch --enable-lto --enable-libgomp --disable-multilib --disable-rpath --disable-win32-registry --disable-nls --disable-werror --disable-symvers --with-libiconv --with-system-zlib --with-gmp=/mingw64 --with-mpfr=/mingw64
--with-mpc=/mingw64 --with-isl=/mingw64 --with-pkgversion='Rev2, Built by MSYS2 project' --with-bugurl=https://github.com/msys2/MINGW-packages/issues --with-gnu-as --with-gnu-ld --disable-libstdcxx-debug --with-boot-ldflags=-static-libstdc++ --with-stage1-ldflags=-static-libstdc++
Thread model: posix
Supported LTO compression algorithms: zlib zstd
gcc version 12.1.0 (Rev2, Built by MSYS2 project)
COLLECT_GCC_OPTIONS='-v' '-c' '-mtune=generic' '-march=x86-64'
 D:/procs/msys64/mingw64/bin/../lib/gcc/x86_64-w64-mingw32/12.1.0/cc1plus.exe -quiet -v -iprefix D:/procs/msys64/mingw64/bin/../lib/gcc/x86_64-w64-mingw32/12.1.0/ -D_REENTRANT nul -quiet -dumpbase nul -mtune=generic -march=x86-64 -version -o D:\procs\msys64\tmp\ccUesFRE.s
GNU C++17 (Rev2, Built by MSYS2 project) version 12.1.0 (x86_64-w64-mingw32)
        compiled by GNU C version 12.1.0, GMP version 6.2.1, MPFR version 4.1.0-p13, MPC version 1.2.1, isl version isl-0.24-GMP

GGC heuristics: --param ggc-min-expand=100 --param ggc-min-heapsize=131072
ignoring nonexistent directory "D:/procs/msys64/mingw64/bin/../lib/gcc/x86_64-w64-mingw32/12.1.0/../../../../x86_64-w64-mingw32/include"
ignoring duplicate directory "D:/procs/msys64/mingw64/lib/gcc/../../lib/gcc/x86_64-w64-mingw32/12.1.0/../../../../include/c++/12.1.0"
ignoring duplicate directory "D:/procs/msys64/mingw64/lib/gcc/../../lib/gcc/x86_64-w64-mingw32/12.1.0/../../../../include/c++/12.1.0/x86_64-w64-mingw32"
ignoring duplicate directory "D:/procs/msys64/mingw64/lib/gcc/../../lib/gcc/x86_64-w64-mingw32/12.1.0/../../../../include/c++/12.1.0/backward"
ignoring duplicate directory "D:/procs/msys64/mingw64/lib/gcc/../../lib/gcc/x86_64-w64-mingw32/12.1.0/include"
ignoring nonexistent directory "D:/a/msys64/mingw64/include"
ignoring nonexistent directory "/mingw64/include"
ignoring duplicate directory "D:/procs/msys64/mingw64/lib/gcc/../../lib/gcc/x86_64-w64-mingw32/12.1.0/include-fixed"
ignoring nonexistent directory "D:/procs/msys64/mingw64/lib/gcc/../../lib/gcc/x86_64-w64-mingw32/12.1.0/../../../../x86_64-w64-mingw32/include"
ignoring nonexistent directory "D:/a/msys64/mingw64/include"
#include "..." search starts here:
#include <...> search starts here:
 D:/procs/msys64/mingw64/bin/../lib/gcc/x86_64-w64-mingw32/12.1.0/../../../../include/c++/12.1.0
 D:/procs/msys64/mingw64/bin/../lib/gcc/x86_64-w64-mingw32/12.1.0/../../../../include/c++/12.1.0/x86_64-w64-mingw32
 D:/procs/msys64/mingw64/bin/../lib/gcc/x86_64-w64-mingw32/12.1.0/../../../../include/c++/12.1.0/backward
 D:/procs/msys64/mingw64/bin/../lib/gcc/x86_64-w64-mingw32/12.1.0/include
 D:/procs/msys64/mingw64/bin/../lib/gcc/x86_64-w64-mingw32/12.1.0/../../../../include
 D:/procs/msys64/mingw64/bin/../lib/gcc/x86_64-w64-mingw32/12.1.0/include-fixed
End of search list.
GNU C++17 (Rev2, Built by MSYS2 project) version 12.1.0 (x86_64-w64-mingw32)
        compiled by GNU C version 12.1.0, GMP version 6.2.1, MPFR version 4.1.0-p13, MPC version 1.2.1, isl version isl-0.24-GMP

GGC heuristics: --param ggc-min-expand=100 --param ggc-min-heapsize=131072
Compiler executable checksum: a11494dd7faf8c9fd9d9562fe7dfbb73
COLLECT_GCC_OPTIONS='-v' '-c' '-mtune=generic' '-march=x86-64'
 D:/procs/msys64/mingw64/bin/../lib/gcc/x86_64-w64-mingw32/12.1.0/../../../../x86_64-w64-mingw32/bin/as.exe -v -o nul.o D:\procs\msys64\tmp\ccUesFRE.s
GNU assembler version 2.38 (x86_64-w64-mingw32) using BFD version (GNU Binutils) 2.38
COMPILER_PATH=D:/procs/msys64/mingw64/bin/../lib/gcc/x86_64-w64-mingw32/12.1.0/;D:/procs/msys64/mingw64/bin/../lib/gcc/;D:/procs/msys64/mingw64/bin/../lib/gcc/x86_64-w64-mingw32/12.1.0/../../../../x86_64-w64-mingw32/bin/
LIBRARY_PATH=D:/procs/msys64/mingw64/bin/../lib/gcc/x86_64-w64-mingw32/12.1.0/;D:/procs/msys64/mingw64/bin/../lib/gcc/;D:/procs/msys64/mingw64/bin/../lib/gcc/x86_64-w64-mingw32/12.1.0/../../../../x86_64-w64-mingw32/lib/../lib/;D:/procs/msys64/mingw64/bin/../lib/gcc/x86_64-w64-mingw32/12.1.0/../../../../lib/;D:/procs/msys64/mingw64/bin/../lib/gcc/x86_64-w64-mingw32/12.1.0/../../../../x86_64-w64-mingw32/lib/;D:/procs/msys64/mingw64/bin/../lib/gcc/x86_64-w64-mingw32/12.1.0/../../../
COLLECT_GCC_OPTIONS='-v' '-c' '-mtune=generic' '-march=x86-64'

使用clang也可以得到类似的结果

clang -v -c -xc++ /dev/null

输出结果：

Pyrad@SSEA MINGW64 /e/temp
$ /clang64/bin/clang -v -c -xc++ /dev/null
clang version 14.0.4
Target: x86_64-w64-windows-gnu
Thread model: posix
InstalledDir: D:/procs/msys64/clang64/bin
 (in-process)
 "D:/procs/msys64/clang64/bin/clang.exe" -cc1 -triple x86_64-w64-windows-gnu -emit-obj -mrelax-all --mrelax-relocations -disable-free -clear-ast-before-backend -disable-llvm-verifier -discard-value-names -main-file-name nul -mrelocation-model pic -pic-level 2 -mframe-pointer=none -fmath-errno -ffp-contract=on -fno-rounding-math -mconstructor-aliases -mms-bitfields -funwind-tables=2 -target-cpu x86-64 -tune-cpu generic -mllvm -treat-scalable-fixed-error-as-warning -debugger-tuning=gdb -v -fcoverage-compilation-dir=E:/temp -resource-dir D:/procs/msys64/clang64/lib/clang/14.0.4 -internal-isystem D:/procs/msys64/clang64/x86_64-w64-mingw32/include/c++/v1 -internal-isystem D:/procs/msys64/clang64/include/c++/v1 -internal-isystem D:/procs/msys64/clang64/lib/clang/14.0.4/include -internal-isystem D:/procs/msys64/clang64/x86_64-w64-mingw32/include -internal-isystem D:/procs/msys64/clang64/include -fdeprecated-macro -fdebug-compilation-dir=E:/temp -ferror-limit 19 -fmessage-length=135 -fno-use-cxa-atexit -fgnuc-version=4.2.1 -fcxx-exceptions -fexceptions -exception-model=seh -fcolor-diagnostics -faddrsig -o nul.o -x c++ nul
clang -cc1 version 14.0.4 based upon LLVM 14.0.4 default target x86_64-w64-windows-gnu
ignoring nonexistent directory "D:/procs/msys64/clang64/x86_64-w64-mingw32/include/c++/v1"
ignoring nonexistent directory "D:/procs/msys64/clang64/x86_64-w64-mingw32/include"
#include "..." search starts here:
#include <...> search starts here:
 D:/procs/msys64/clang64/include/c++/v1
 D:/procs/msys64/clang64/lib/clang/14.0.4/include
 D:/procs/msys64/clang64/include
End of search list.

MSYS2 CMake with boost issues

CMake FindBoost doc (link)

A possible workaround/solution mentioned by flynneva - link

Guide from MSYS2 - link

Another similar issue - link

pacman cheatsheet - link

MSYS is an variable of CMake - link

Remember that I made some changes to file D:\procs\msys64\mingw64\share\cmake\Modules\FindPackageHandleStandardArgs.cmake, remember to restore it by the backup file in a same folder.

Github updated RSA SSH host key

Explanation Page Link

Error occurs when to git pull

Pyrad@Pyrad MINGW64 /d/Pyrad/GitHub/all_notes
$ gp
@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@
@    WARNING: REMOTE HOST IDENTIFICATION HAS CHANGED!     @
@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@
IT IS POSSIBLE THAT SOMEONE IS DOING SOMETHING NASTY!
Someone could be eavesdropping on you right now (man-in-the-middle attack)!
It is also possible that a host key has just been changed.
The fingerprint for the RSA key sent by the remote host is
SHA256:uNiVztksCsDhcc0u9e8BujQXVUpKZIDTMczCvj3tD2s.
Please contact your system administrator.
Add correct host key in /home/Pyrad/.ssh/known_hosts to get rid of this message.
Offending RSA key in /home/Pyrad/.ssh/known_hosts:1
Host key for github.com has changed and you have requested strict checking.
Host key verification failed.
fatal: Could not read from remote repository.

Please make sure you have the correct access rights
and the repository exists.

To fix this,

Remove old key

ssh-keygen -R github.com

Update GitHub.com’s RSA SSH key in /.ssh/known_hosts

curl -L https:/api.github.com/meta | jq -r '.ssh_keys | .[]' | sed -e 's/^/github.com/' >> ~/.ssh/known_hosts

Note, jq is a json parser which needs to be installed first by pacman. Search package,

Pyrad@Pyrad MINGW64 /d/Pyrad/GitHub/all_notes
$ pacman -Ss jq
mingw32/mingw-w64-i686-jq 1.6-5
    Command-line JSON processor (mingw-w64)
mingw64/mingw-w64-x86_64-jq 1.6-5
    Command-line JSON processor (mingw-w64)
ucrt64/mingw-w64-ucrt-x86_64-jq 1.6-5
    Command-line JSON processor (mingw-w64)
clang32/mingw-w64-clang-i686-jq 1.6-5
    Command-line JSON processor (mingw-w64)
clang64/mingw-w64-clang-x86_64-jq 1.6-5
    Command-line JSON processor (mingw-w64)

Install package,

Pyrad@Pyrad MINGW64 /d/Pyrad/GitHub/all_notes
$ pacman -S mingw64/mingw-w64-x86_64-jq
resolving dependencies...
looking for conflicting packages...
...

Pyrad@Pyrad MINGW64 /d/Pyrad/GitHub/all_notes
$ which jq
/mingw64/bin/jq

After RSA SSH key was updated, type yes to add github.com to know hosts

Pyrad@Pyrad MINGW64 /d/Pyrad/GitHub/all_notes
$ gp
The authenticity of host 'github.com (20.205.243.166)' can't be established.
ED25519 key fingerprint is SHA256:+DiY3wvvV6TuJJhbpZisF/zLDA0zPMSvHdkr4UvCOqU.
This key is not known by any other names
Are you sure you want to continue connecting (yes/no/[fingerprint])? yes

Scrapy no module named ‘attrs’

https://github.com/returntocorp/seggrep/issues/4794

简单而言，就是attrs这个python module比较老，哪怕已经安装了，但scrapy可能也认为找不到，所以使用pip install --upgrade attrs做一次升级就行。

pip install --upgrade attrs

Tabby

官网链接：https://github.com/Eugeny/tabby

安装

正常安装即可

设置

安装成功后，打开Tabby
Setting -> Profiles & Connections，点击New Profiles按钮，添加一个对应MSYS2的profile
在打开的窗口中填写
- Name：填写MSYS2-64，实际上这项可以随便起名字
- Command Line：按照官方文档的描述，填写如下，
```
D\:/procs/msys64/msys2_shell.cmd -defterm -here -no-start -mingw64
```
- Group：可以随便起名字
- Working Directory：选择一个目录，是terminal启动时的默认路径
- Icon：这项目前还不清楚如何设置才能使tab显示图标（已经于2022-06-25解决，即用html标记的写法：<img src="D:/procs/msys64/mingw64.ico">）
- Environment中设置启动环境变量
  - TERM：这项十分重要，不能随便乱写，否则会导致退格键异常（每按键Backspace一次，光标不能删除左边的字符，反而向右移动一格），这里填写cygwin即可。
  - 添加一项HOME环境变量，HOME=/home/Pyrad，否则tabby启动后会把window的用户目录当做HOME目录的路径（HOME=/c/Users/Pyrad）

VIM

安装Tcl

查看tcl官网，并按照说明安装：tcl.tk

可以下载源码，并编译安装：Source code download
也可以下载由第三方编译好的binary版本：Binary distributions
这里由于下载ActiveTcl需要先注册，所以下载IronTcl，按照其网站说明，直接解压即可使用
- Download link：Tcl/Tk 8.6.7 (x64)
- Extract the downloaded ZIP archive to the base directory where Tcl/Tk should be installed, while preserving path information.
- Optionally, add the directory <base>\Tcl\bin to the PATH environment variable.
- Optionally, create a copy of the file <base>\Tcl\bin\tclsh86t.exe named <base>\Tcl\bin\tclsh.exe (i.e. in the same directory) to ease integration with other software packages.

安装Python

支持Windows 7的最后一版Python是3.8，可以按照这一版来编译Vim，同时也能满足一些vim插件的要求

需要注意的是，安装完Python之后，记得要设置环境变量

设置PYTHONPATH=C:\Python38
设置PYTHONHOME=C:\Python38
像PATH环境变量中添加Python的安装位置C:\Python38

注意，如果不设置PYTHONPATH或者PYTHONHOME，有可能导致python或pip无法启动，并产生以下错误

PS D:\Gitee\pyradnotes> python
Fatal Python error: Py_Initialize: unable to load the file system codec
ModuleNotFoundError: No module named 'encodings'

通过`PIP`安装Python module

安装numpy

PS C:\Users\Pyrad> D:\procs\python38\Scripts\pip.exe install -i http://mirrors.aliyun.com/pypi/simple/ --trusted-host mirrors.aliyun.com numpy

安装后显示仅安装了numpy一项

PS C:\Users\Pyrad> D:\procs\python38\Scripts\pip.exe list
Package    Version
---------- -------
numpy      1.23.1
pip        22.1.2
setuptools 49.2.1

安装`pandas`

PS C:\Users\Pyrad> D:\procs\python38\Scripts\pip.exe install -i http://mirrors.aliyun.com/pypi/simple/ --trusted-host mirrors.aliyun.com pandas

安装后显示安装了：pytz, six, python-dateutil, pandas

... ...
Installing collected packages: pytz, six, python-dateutil, pandas
PS C:\Users\Pyrad> D:\procs\python38\Scripts\pip.exe list
Package         Version
--------------- -------
numpy           1.23.1
pandas          1.4.3
pip             22.1.2
python-dateutil 2.8.2
pytz            2022.1
setuptools      49.2.1
six             1.16.0

安装`sympy`

PS C:\Users\Pyrad> D:\procs\python38\Scripts\pip.exe install -i http://mirrors.aliyun.com/pypi/simple/ --trusted-host mirrors.aliyun.com sympy

安装后显示安装了：mpmath, sympy

... ...
Installing collected packages: mpmath, sympy
Successfully installed mpmath-1.2.1 sympy-1.10.1
PS C:\Users\Pyrad> D:\procs\python38\Scripts\pip.exe list
Package         Version
--------------- -------
mpmath          1.2.1
numpy           1.23.1
pandas          1.4.3
pip             22.1.2
python-dateutil 2.8.2
pytz            2022.1
setuptools      49.2.1
six             1.16.0
sympy           1.10.1

安装`sphinx`

D:\procs\python38\Scripts\pip.exe install -i http://mirrors.aliyun.com/pypi/simple/ --trusted-host mirrors.aliyun.com sphinx

鉴于安装sphinx_rtd_theme会把sphinx这个module一起安装，所以省略安装sphinx module，而是直接安装sphinx_rtd_theme module。

如果先安装sphinx，再按照sphinx_rtd_theme，sphinx_rtd_theme会把之前安装好的卸载掉然后重新安装，导致版本降低了。

安装`sphinx_rtd_theme`

PS C:\Users\Pyrad> D:\procs\python38\Scripts\pip.exe install -i http://mirrors.aliyun.com/pypi/simple/ --trusted-host mirrors.aliyun.com sphinx_rtd_theme

安装后显示安装了：

Installing collected packages: snowballstemmer, alabaster, zipp, urllib3, sphinxcontrib-serializinghtml, sphinxcontrib-qthelp, sphinxcontrib-jsmath, sphinxcontrib-htmlhelp, sphinxcontrib-devhelp, sphinxcontrib-applehelp, pyparsing, Pygments, MarkupSafe, imagesize, idna, docutils, colorama, charset-normalizer, certifi, babel, requests, packaging, Jinja2, importlib-metadata, sphinx

Successfully installed Jinja2-3.1.2 MarkupSafe-2.1.1 Pygments-2.12.0 alabaster-0.7.12 babel-2.10.3 certifi-2022.6.15 charset-normalizer-2.1.0 colorama-0.4.5 docutils-0.18.1 idna-3.3 imagesize-1.4.1 importlib-metadata-4.12.0 packaging-21.3 pyparsing-3.0.9 requests-2.28.1 snowballstemmer-2.2.0 sphinx-5.0.2 sphinxcontrib-applehelp-1.0.2 sphinxcontrib-devhelp-1.0.2 sphinxcontrib-htmlhelp-2.0.0 sphinxcontrib-jsmath-1.0.1 sphinxcontrib-qthelp-1.0.3 sphinxcontrib-serializinghtml-1.1.5 urllib3-1.26.10 zipp-3.8.1 sphinx_rtd_theme

安装`recommonmark`

PS C:\Users\Pyrad> D:\procs\python38\Scripts\pip.exe install -i http://mirrors.aliyun.com/pypi/simple/ --trusted-host mirrors.aliyun.com recommonmark

显示安装了：commonmark, recommonmark

其他的dependency已经在前面安装过了，所以没有安装

Requirement already satisfied: sphinx>=1.3.1 in d:\procs\python38\lib\site-packages (from recommonmark) (5.0.2)
Requirement already satisfied: sphinxcontrib-htmlhelp>=2.0.0 in d:\procs\python38\lib\site-packages (from sphinx>=1.3.1->recommonmark)
(2.0.0)
Requirement already satisfied: Jinja2>=2.3 in d:\procs\python38\lib\site-packages (from sphinx>=1.3.1->recommonmark) (3.1.2)
Requirement already satisfied: imagesize in d:\procs\python38\lib\site-packages (from sphinx>=1.3.1->recommonmark) (1.4.1)
Requirement already satisfied: colorama>=0.3.5 in d:\procs\python38\lib\site-packages (from sphinx>=1.3.1->recommonmark) (0.4.5)
Requirement already satisfied: sphinxcontrib-serializinghtml>=1.1.5 in d:\procs\python38\lib\site-packages (from sphinx>=1.3.1->recommonmark) (1.1.5)
Requirement already satisfied: sphinxcontrib-applehelp in d:\procs\python38\lib\site-packages (from sphinx>=1.3.1->recommonmark) (1.0.2)
Requirement already satisfied: packaging in d:\procs\python38\lib\site-packages (from sphinx>=1.3.1->recommonmark) (21.3)
Requirement already satisfied: requests>=2.5.0 in d:\procs\python38\lib\site-packages (from sphinx>=1.3.1->recommonmark) (2.28.1)
Requirement already satisfied: babel>=1.3 in d:\procs\python38\lib\site-packages (from sphinx>=1.3.1->recommonmark) (2.10.3)
Requirement already satisfied: Pygments>=2.0 in d:\procs\python38\lib\site-packages (from sphinx>=1.3.1->recommonmark) (2.12.0)
Requirement already satisfied: alabaster<0.8,>=0.7 in d:\procs\python38\lib\site-packages (from sphinx>=1.3.1->recommonmark) (0.7.12)
Requirement already satisfied: snowballstemmer>=1.1 in d:\procs\python38\lib\site-packages (from sphinx>=1.3.1->recommonmark) (2.2.0)
Requirement already satisfied: sphinxcontrib-jsmath in d:\procs\python38\lib\site-packages (from sphinx>=1.3.1->recommonmark) (1.0.1)
Requirement already satisfied: sphinxcontrib-qthelp in d:\procs\python38\lib\site-packages (from sphinx>=1.3.1->recommonmark) (1.0.3)
Requirement already satisfied: importlib-metadata>=4.4 in d:\procs\python38\lib\site-packages (from sphinx>=1.3.1->recommonmark) (4.12.0)
Requirement already satisfied: sphinxcontrib-devhelp in d:\procs\python38\lib\site-packages (from sphinx>=1.3.1->recommonmark) (1.0.2)
Requirement already satisfied: pytz>=2015.7 in d:\procs\python38\lib\site-packages (from babel>=1.3->sphinx>=1.3.1->recommonmark) (2022.1)
Requirement already satisfied: zipp>=0.5 in d:\procs\python38\lib\site-packages (from importlib-metadata>=4.4->sphinx>=1.3.1->recommonmark) (3.8.1)
Requirement already satisfied: MarkupSafe>=2.0 in d:\procs\python38\lib\site-packages (from Jinja2>=2.3->sphinx>=1.3.1->recommonmark) (2.1.1)
Requirement already satisfied: idna<4,>=2.5 in d:\procs\python38\lib\site-packages (from requests>=2.5.0->sphinx>=1.3.1->recommonmark)
(3.3)
Requirement already satisfied: urllib3<1.27,>=1.21.1 in d:\procs\python38\lib\site-packages (from requests>=2.5.0->sphinx>=1.3.1->recommonmark) (1.26.10)
Requirement already satisfied: certifi>=2017.4.17 in d:\procs\python38\lib\site-packages (from requests>=2.5.0->sphinx>=1.3.1->recommonmark) (2022.6.15)
Requirement already satisfied: charset-normalizer<3,>=2 in d:\procs\python38\lib\site-packages (from requests>=2.5.0->sphinx>=1.3.1->recommonmark) (2.1.0)
Requirement already satisfied: pyparsing!=3.0.5,>=2.0.2 in d:\procs\python38\lib\site-packages (from packaging->sphinx>=1.3.1->recommonmark) (3.0.9)
Installing collected packages: commonmark, recommonmark
Successfully installed commonmark-0.9.1 recommonmark-0.7.1

安装`pandoc`

PS C:\Users\Pyrad> D:\procs\python38\Scripts\pip.exe install -i http://mirrors.aliyun.com/pypi/simple/ --trusted-host mirrors.aliyun.com pandoc

显示安装了：pywin32, ply, plumbum, pandoc

安装`sphinx_markdown_tables`

PS C:\Users\Pyrad> D:\procs\python38\Scripts\pip.exe install -i http://mirrors.aliyun.com/pypi/simple/ --trusted-host mirrors.aliyun.com sphinx_markdown_tables

显示安装了：markdown, sphinx_markdown_tables

安装`esbonio`

PS C:\Users\Pyrad> D:\procs\python38\Scripts\pip.exe install -i http://mirrors.aliyun.com/pypi/simple/ --trusted-host mirrors.aliyun.com esbonio

显示安装了：pyspellchecker, appdirs, typing-extensions, typeguard, pydantic, pygls, esbonio

安装`sphinx-mathjax-offline` 

PS C:\Users\Pyrad> D:\procs\python38\Scripts\pip.exe install -i http://mirrors.aliyun.com/pypi/simple/ --trusted-host mirrors.aliyun.com sphinx-mathjax-offline

显示安装了：sphinx-mathjax-offline

目前通过pip的安装module的状态列表

Package                       Version   Installed by which module
----------------------------- --------- ------------------------------------
alabaster                     0.7.12	<-- sphinx
appdirs                       1.4.4		<-- esbonio
Babel                         2.9.1		<-- sphinx
certifi                       2021.5.30	<-- sphinx
charset-normalizer            2.0.3		<-- sphinx
colorama                      0.4.4		<-- sphinx
commonmark                    0.9.1		<-- recommonmark
dataclasses                   0.8           
docutils                      0.16		<-- sphinx / sphinx_rtd_theme will uninstall it and re-install again
esbonio                       0.11.2	<-- esbonio
greenlet                      1.1.2         
idna                          3.2		<-- sphinx
imagesize                     1.2.0		<-- sphinx
importlib-metadata            4.6.4		<-- sphinx
Jinja2                        3.0.1		<-- sphinx
Markdown                      3.3.4		<-- sphinx_markdown_tables
MarkupSafe                    2.0.1		<-- sphinx
mpmath                        1.2.1		<-- sympy
msgpack                       1.0.4         
numpy                         1.19.5	<-- numpy
packaging                     21.0		<-- sphinx
pandas                        1.1.5		<-- pandas
pandoc                        1.1.0		<-- pandoc
pip                           21.1.3	+++ 
plumbum                       1.7.0		<-- pandoc
ply                           3.11		<-- pandoc
powerline-status              2.7           
pydantic                      1.8.2		<-- esbonio
pygls                         0.11.3	<-- esbonio
Pygments                      2.9.0		<-- sphinx
pynvim                        0.4.3         
pyparsing                     2.4.7		<-- sphinx
pypiwin32                     223           
pyspellchecker                0.6.3		<-- esbonio
python-dateutil               2.8.2		<-- pandas
pytz                          2021.1	<-- pandas
pywin32                       301		<-- pandoc
recommonmark                  0.7.1		<-- recommonmark
requests                      2.26.0	<-- sphinx
setuptools                    39.0.1	+++ 
six                           1.16.0	<-- pandas
snowballstemmer               2.1.0		<-- sphinx
Sphinx                        4.1.1		<-- sphinx
sphinx-markdown-tables        0.0.15	<-- sphinx_markdown_tables
sphinx-mathjax-offline        0.0.1		<-- sphinx-mathjax-offline 
sphinx-rtd-theme              0.5.2		<-- sphinx_rtd_theme
sphinxcontrib-applehelp       1.0.2		<-- sphinx
sphinxcontrib-devhelp         1.0.2		<-- sphinx
sphinxcontrib-htmlhelp        2.0.0		<-- sphinx
sphinxcontrib-jsmath          1.0.1		<-- sphinx
sphinxcontrib-qthelp          1.0.3		<-- sphinx
sphinxcontrib-serializinghtml 1.1.5		<-- sphinx
sympy                         1.9		<-- sympy
typeguard                     2.13.3	<-- esbonio
typing-extensions             3.10.0.0	<-- esbonio
urllib3                       1.26.6	<-- sphinx
zipp                          3.5.0		<-- sphinx

安装注意事项

因为vim的很多plugin需要用到python的支持（目前主要是python3了），所以要注意

下载的vim 32/64bit的版本要和本地的python3的32/64bit的版本一致，否则:echo has("python3")永远返回0（即vim是64bit版本，那么python也要是64bit版本）

可以不用把新版本的python加到PATH环境变量中去，但是要在$VIM\_vimr中添加对应的变量设置，否则同样地:echo has("python3")永远返回0

" ------------------------------------------------------
" Python3 support
" ------------------------------------------------------
function s:setup_python3_dyn()
    let &pythonthreedll='D:/procs/python38/python38.dll'
    let &pythonthreehome='D:/procs/python38
endfunction " End of function setup_python3_dyn

""" ------------------------------------------------------
""" Setup for the coc-nvim
""" ------------------------------------------------------
function s:setup_python3()
    let g:python3_host_prog='D:/procs/python38/python.exe'
endfunction

在windows下，如果从source编译安装时，在MSYS2的terminal里，使用如下命令编译
```
$ pwd
/d/procs/Vim9Compiled/vim90/src
$ make -f Make_ming.mak \
	PYTHON3=D:/procs/python38 DYNAMIC_PYTHON3=yes PYTHON3_VER=38
```
之后生成的gvim.exe就在这个src目录下面，需要注意的是从源码编译时，根据目录结构，plug.vim应该放在D:\procs\Vim9Compiled\vim90\runtime\autoload下面，以免启动时无法找到并加载。

How to uninstall some/all Python packages?

Reference page

pip freeze > packagelist.txt
pip uninstall -r packagelist.txt -y

How to install some/all Python packages?

可以直接把以下module名称写入到一个文件中，然后使用上面提到的命令中的-r <package_list_file>来一次性完成安装，pip会根据依赖关系寻找并下载其他需要的module，并且如果有版本要求，可能会卸载当前低版本的module，然后重新安装高版本的package。(2022-10-07)

目前所用到的package（pip会一起安装别的依赖package），保存为文件pypkglist.txt

pandas
sphinx_rtd_theme
recommonmark
pandoc
sphinx_markdown_tables
esbonio

然后执行（因为墙的缘故，使用阿里云的镜像来代替默认的镜像地址）

pip install -i http://mirrors.aliyun.com/pypi/simple/ --trusted-host mirrors.aliyun.com esbonio -r pypkglist.txt -y

ReadTheDocs

Python Packages Installed

当前ReadTheDocs的Python package路径py-site-packages是

rtd_package_path = /home/docs/checkouts/readthedocs.org/user_builds/pyrads-notes/envs/latest/lib/python3.7/site-packages

目前（2023-01-07）来看，ReadTheDocs网站提供了如下的Python package。

----------------<py-site-packages>/-----------------
docutils-0.17.1.dist-info
zipp-3.11.0.dist-info
imagesize
Jinja2-3.1.2.dist-info
mock-1.0.1.dist-info
urllib3
readthedocs_ext
alabaster
recommonmark-0.5.0.dist-info
pkg_resources
urllib3-1.26.13.dist-info
Pillow.libs
setuptools
wheel-0.38.4.dist-info
pytz
alabaster-0.7.12.dist-info
sphinxcontrib_applehelp-1.0.2-py3.8-nspkg.pth
readthedocs_sphinx_ext-2.2.0.dist-info
pygments
sphinxcontrib_serializinghtml-1.1.5.dist-info
sphinxcontrib_devhelp-1.0.2.dist-info
recommonmark
sphinx-5.3.0.dist-info
typing_extensions-4.4.0.dist-info
snowballstemmer
imagesize.py
sphinxcontrib_htmlhelp-2.0.0-py3.9-nspkg.pth
imagesize-1.4.1.dist-info
_distutils_hack
sphinxcontrib_qthelp-1.0.3.dist-info
sphinxcontrib_qthelp-1.0.3-py3.8-nspkg.pth
wheel
idna-3.4.dist-info
sphinx_rtd_theme-1.1.1.dist-info
pip-22.3.1.dist-info
commonmark-0.9.1.dist-info
requests-2.28.1.dist-info
snowballstemmer-2.2.0.dist-info
babel
charset_normalizer
docutils
pip
packaging
typing_extensions.py
pytz-2022.7.dist-info
packaging-22.0.dist-info
requests
certifi-2022.12.7.dist-info
Babel-2.11.0.dist-info
sphinxcontrib_serializinghtml-1.1.5-py3.9-nspkg.pth
Pillow-9.4.0.dist-info
markupsafe
sphinxcontrib_htmlhelp-2.0.0.dist-info
sphinxcontrib_applehelp-1.0.2.dist-info
charset_normalizer-2.1.1.dist-info
sphinxcontrib
sphinx_rtd_theme
__pycache__
zipp
distutils-precedence.pth
sphinx
Pygments-2.14.0.dist-info
importlib_metadata-6.0.0.dist-info
sphinxcontrib_devhelp-1.0.2-py3.8-nspkg.pth
setuptools-58.2.0.dist-info
mock.py
idna
certifi
importlib_metadata
PIL
commonmark
sphinxcontrib_jsmath-1.0.1.dist-info
jinja2
sphinxcontrib_jsmath-1.0.1-py3.7-nspkg.pth
MarkupSafe-2.1.1.dist-info
---------------------------------------------------
Total packages: 75

Python Packages in sphinx sub-folder

目前（2023-01-07）来看，ReadTheDocs网站提供sphinx的Python package中，有如下的子Python package。

----------------<py-site-packages>/sphinx/ext-----------------
parsers.py
jinja2glue.py
events.py
setup_command.py
py.typed
locale
__main__.py
deprecation.py
themes
directives
config.py
theming.py
io.py
pygments_styles.py
ext
highlighting.py
addnodes.py
texinputs
errors.py
search
cmd
registry.py
environment
application.py
pycode
domains
__init__.py
extension.py
util
builders
testing
templates
roles.py
__pycache__
transforms
writers
versioning.py
project.py
texinputs_win
---------------------------------------------------
Total packages in sphinx_path: 39

Python Packages in sphinxcontrib sub-folder

目前（2023-01-07）来看，ReadTheDocs网站提供sphinxcontrib的Python package中，有如下的子Python package。

----------------<py-site-packages>/sphinxcontrib-----------------
0 applehelp
1 devhelp
2 qthelp
3 htmlhelp
4 serializinghtml
5 jsmath
---------------------------------------------------
Total packages in sphinxcontrib_path: 6

Python Packages in sphinx/ext sub-folder

目前（2023-01-07）来看，ReadTheDocs网站提供sphinx/ext下面的Python package

----------------<py-site-packages>/sphinx/ext-----------------
imgmath.py
ifconfig.py
coverage.py
githubpages.py
imgconverter.py
mathjax.py
viewcode.py
inheritance_diagram.py
__init__.py
doctest.py
autodoc
duration.py
autosectionlabel.py
todo.py
autosummary
__pycache__
napoleon
graphviz.py
extlinks.py
linkcode.py
apidoc.py
intersphinx.py
Total packages: 22

Sphinx

MyST-Parser

MyST-Paser是一款增强型的Markdown语法处理程序，是Sphinx和Docutils的用来解析的Markedly Structured Text（MyST）扩展程序。

pip install -i http://mirrors.aliyun.com/pypi/simple/ --trusted-host mirrors.aliyun.com myst-parser

在目前的机器上，因为其他需要的package已经安装过了，所以只安装了以下几个package。

Successfully installed markdown-it-py-2.1.0 mdit-py-plugins-0.3.3 mdurl-0.1.2 myst-parser-0.18.1 pyyaml-6.0

为了在ReadTheDocs上托管并生成对应的文档，这几个package也是需要下载下来

pip download myst-parser -i http://mirrors.aliyun.com/pypi/simple/ --trusted-host mirrors.aliyun.com -d "D:\Programs\MyPyPackages\MyST_Parser"

然后把每个package的后缀修改为.zip，然后解压出来对应的Python module文件或文件目录，然后上传到repo里，修改（和修改）Sphinx的conf.py如下

## ...
if os.environ.get('READTHEDOCS', None) == 'True':
    sys.path.insert(0, os.path.abspath(os.path.join('.', 'pyextensions')))
    sys.path.insert(0, os.path.abspath('.'))
    import myst_parser

## ...
extensions.append('myst_parser')

## ...

注意，上传到的目录是_static/source/pyextensions这个目录，它是我专门用来放置这些ReadTheDocs上没有的module的package目录。

之后，在sphinx的顶层目录make html时，就会调用myst-parser来解析Markdown文件。

MathJax

为了更方便清晰美观地在Markdown和reStructuredText中表达和书写数学公式，可以使用MathJax。

在MathJax的GitHub Repository下载最新的source code（当前版本是3.2.2），解压之后把目录es5拷贝到sphinx的_static目录下。

然后修改Sphinx的conf.py如下

extensions.append('sphinx.ext.mathjax')
mathjax_path = 'es5/tex-chtml.js'

需要注意的是，目前sphinx似乎对Markdown文件中的公式不能使用MathJax做支持，因此生成的html网页中的公式不能正常显示。

暂时的解决办法是，在Markdown编辑器中边界文件，书写数学公式（编辑器本身可以支持数学公式的渲染），然后生成同名的.rst（reStructuredText）文件，并在index.rst中指明使用这个.rst来生成网页，这样生成的网页中MathJax就可以正常显示数学公式了。

Mermaid for Sphinx & MyST-parser

为了使得MyST-Paser能够识别mermaid，并在生成的html中正常渲染图表，需要添加sphinxcontrib-mermaid这个Python package。

pip install sphinxcontrib-mermaid

下载之后，需要如下编写mermaid的代码块。

为了在sphinx中使用MyST-parser进行渲染，在Markdown文件中要写成```{mermaid}```，而不是```mermaid```（即要加上一对花括号使得MyST-parser能够识别）。但这样的问题是在Markdown编辑器（比如Typora，Obsidian等）里不能正常渲染，只有通过MyST-parser在sphinx中生成网页之后才能渲染。

下面的mermaid的code block在编辑器里面不能实时渲染，但在生成的html文件里渲染是正常的。

graph TB %% s=start e=end f=fork n=normal s([开始])-->f1{{if条件}}; %% 分支点2 f1--true-->n1[if语句块]-->e([结束]); f1--false-->f2{{else if条件}}; %% 分支点1 f2--true-->n2[else if语句块]-->e; f2--false-->n3[else语句块]-->e;

下面的mermaid的code block在编辑器里面可以实时渲染，但在生成的html文件里不能正常渲染。

graph TB
	%% s=start  e=end  f=fork  n=normal
	s([开始])-->f1{{if条件}};

	%% 分支点1
	f1--true-->n1[if语句块]-->e([结束]);
	f1--false-->f2{{else if条件}};

	%% 分支点2
	f2--true-->n2[else if语句块]-->e;
	f2--false-->n3[else语句块]-->e;

需要注意的是，目前（2023-01-07）ReadTheDocs似乎在它的Python site-packages下面没有mermaid的module：sphinxcontrib-mermaid。因此需要手动下载Python的mermaid的module，然后上传到repo里面，再通过添加system path的方法，使得ReadTheDocs的环境可以找到这个自定义的Python module。

可以参考repo里面我自己添加的说明 sphinxcontrib_mermaid_v071/READM_Pyrad.txt：

This is actually Python package sphinxcontrib-mermaid. And this is downloaded by the following command.

Why these files are extracted here and the folder renamed as sphinxcontrib_mermaid_v071? Because ReadTheDocs doesn’t have Python package sphinxcontrib-mermaid. So I have to download it manually and then upload it to the git repo. These 3 files(autoclassdiag.py, exceptions.py, mermaid.py) theoratically should be placed in <py-site-packages>/sphinxcontrib. But ReadTheDocs already has the path <py-site-packages>/sphinxcontrib, so I can’t place it there. Thus I place it here, and add this to the system path to let it be able to find it.

Download command,
pip download sphinxcontrib-mermaid -i http://mirrors.aliyun.com/pypi/simple/ --trusted-host mirrors.aliyun.com -d "D:\Programs\MyPyPackages\SphinxMermaid_with_its_dependency"

It is possible to have sphinx MyST rendering mermaid

Official Links

Welcome - Sphinx

MyST-Parser - Use Markdown in Sphinx

MyST-Parser Official

References Links

Sphinx 基础教程

Obsidian

Intro

Obsidian不是开源软件，但个人可以免费使用它，商用用途需付费获得license。

Links

Obsidian Official Site

Releases

Obsidian Releases on Github

Use

在Windows平台下面，可以使用Ctrl + P打开命令面板。

Plugins

因为墙的关系，下载Obsidian的插件需要翻墙。

这里从视频由此开始 Obsidian 使用教程 3.高级功能与插件中的链接得到百度网盘上这些插件的分享链接，保存到了我的网盘的全部文件>Softwares>ObsidianPluginsThemes这个目录下面。

如果要安装插件，需要

在Obsidian的设置中关闭安全模式。
然后把对应的插件文件夹（整个）拷贝到Obsidian对应的vault的.obsidian/plugins这个目录下。如果plugins目录不存在，就新建一个plugins名称的目录。

这里我按照上面两个步骤，把obsidian-pandoc这个插件目录从网盘下载下来，拷贝到了D:/Gitee/pyradnotes/.obsidian/plugins这个目录下面，然后重启Obsidian，通过Ctrl + P打开命令面板，就可以看到一Pandoc Plugin:开头的一系列功能选项了。

比如Pandoc Plugin: Export as reStructuredText (RST)，就可以根据当前的.md文件生成一个同名的.rst文件。

这里发现通过Obsidian的pandoc插件生成的.rst文件，和通过Typora生成的.rst文件，有一些差别，但总体不影响生成最终的html文件（sphinx docs）。

Plugin Quiet-Outline

Github of obsidian plugin quiet-outline

How to innstall

Download from github

Download the latest release.
Extract and put the three files (main.js, style.css, manifest.json) to folder {{obsidian_vault}}/.obsidian/plugins/obsidian-quiet-outline.

MathJax

Official

mathjax.org

Sphinx Official Doc

References

MathJax的基本使用

Latex reStructuredText 入门 math 数学公式写法

如何让Sphinx_doc支持MathJax公式

MathJax Github Repo

A Sample Web showing Formulas Using MathJax

Sphinx and Markdown

MathJax in Markdown

Clangd

How to check clangd logs

$ clangd --check=/path/to/a/file/in/your/project.cc

clangd avoid background indexing

https://github.com/clangd/clangd/issues/479

Homebrew

Introduction

What is homebrew?

Installation

查看官网安装指导页面，并对照Installation — Homebrew Documentation 这一小节如下安装

# Make a directory named homebrew (of course other names can be used)
mkdir homebrew 
# Download the tarball and extract it to the directory just made
curl -L https://github.com/Homebrew/brew/tarball/master | tar xz --strip 1 -C homebrew

为了绕开GFW，使用清华开源镜像来加速，可以参考清华开源镜像的说明以及如下博客页面

homebrew | 镜像站使用帮助 | 清华大学开源软件镜像站 | Tsinghua Open Source Mirror

Homebrew 国内使用加速 - Cocowool - 博客园

# Set some env vars in Linux
export HOMEBREW_BREW_GIT_REMOTE="https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/git/homebrew/brew.git"
export HOMEBREW_CORE_GIT_REMOTE="https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/git/homebrew/homebrew-core.git"
export HOMEBREW_BOTTLE_DOMAIN="https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/homebrew-bottles"

然后更新

brew update --force --quiet
chmod -R go-w "$(brew --prefix)/share/zsh"

之后就可以安装需要的package了，比如gcc

brew install gcc

使用百度秒传

步骤一

确保Chrome浏览器的扩展中心里安装了油猴脚本（Tampermonkey）

步骤二

安装脚本秒传链接提取

步骤三

安装完成秒传链接提取之后，打开网页版百度网盘，出现了秒传连接按钮，把需要转存的秒传连接拷贝进去，注意文件名之间要手动去掉空格，然后点击下载即可。

Reference

秒传连接提取脚本 - 文档 & 教程

秒传连接提取脚本 - Github页面

Looking for Books 查找书籍资源

Zlibrary ISBN检索

Fxxking GFW

修改host文件

此办法效果不怎么好，因为它们使用的是域名污染的伎俩，仅此志之。

首先查询DNS地址
- 打开域名查找网站，比如https://tool.chinaz.com/dns/
- 在A类型的查询中输入github.com
- 找到TTL值最小（响应时间最短）的DNS，比如20.205.243.166

修改hosts文件

文件是 C:\Windows\System32\Drivers\etc\hosts
修改此文件需要管理员权限（以管理员打开编辑）

在文件原有内容末尾，添加如下

### github fast visit
205.243.166  github.com
205.243.166  gist.github.com
205.243.166  assets-cdn.github.com
205.243.166  raw.githubusercontent.com
205.243.166  gist.githubusercontent.com
205.243.166  cloud.githubusercontent.com
205.243.166  camo.githubusercontent.com
205.243.166  avatars0.githubusercontent.com
205.243.166 avatars1.githubusercontent.com
205.243.166 avatars2.githubusercontent.com
205.243.166 avatars3.githubusercontent.com
205.243.166 avatars4.githubusercontent.com
205.243.166 avatars5.githubusercontent.com
205.243.166 avatars6.githubusercontent.com
205.243.166 avatars7.githubusercontent.com
205.243.166 avatars8.githubusercontent.com

打开cmd控制台
- 输入ipconfig /flushdns来刷新

Development Settings on Windows

Windows itself

关闭休眠功能

Windows Powershell

修改prompt

显示文件内容

使用Python查看CPU信息

查看环境变量

Visual Studio Code

C++ setting in VSCode

MSYS2 Setting Notes

MSYS2 Installation

MSYS2 Setup

MSYS2 Packages Page

Terminal 中文显示切换为英文

如何检查当前运行的是Windows Terminal环境？

查看可以安装的工具套件

安装pip

安装man

安装cgdb

安装MSYS2版本的CMake

安装MSYS2版本的clang

安装MSYS2版本的bc

安装boost library

CMakeLists.txt中设定boost library

CMake 编译

输出compile_commands.json文件

查找STL header file 头文件目录

MSYS2 CMake with boost issues

Github updated RSA SSH host key

Scrapy no module named ‘attrs’

Tabby

安装

设置

VIM

安装Tcl

安装Python

通过PIP安装Python module

安装numpy

安装pandas

安装sympy

安装sphinx

安装sphinx_rtd_theme

安装recommonmark

安装pandoc

安装sphinx_markdown_tables

安装esbonio

安装sphinx-mathjax-offline 

安装注意事项

How to uninstall some/all Python packages?

How to install some/all Python packages?

ReadTheDocs

Python Packages Installed

Python Packages in sphinx sub-folder

Python Packages in sphinxcontrib sub-folder

Python Packages in sphinx/ext sub-folder

Sphinx

MyST-Parser

MathJax

Mermaid for Sphinx & MyST-parser

Official Links

References Links

Obsidian

Intro

Links

Releases

Use

Plugins

Plugin Quiet-Outline

MathJax

Official

References

Clangd

How to check clangd logs

clangd avoid background indexing

Homebrew

Introduction

Installation

使用百度秒传

步骤一

安装`pip`

安装`man`

安装`cgdb`

安装MSYS2版本的`CMake`

安装MSYS2版本的`clang`

安装MSYS2版本的`bc`

输出`compile_commands.json`文件

通过`PIP`安装Python module

安装`pandas`

安装`sympy`

安装`sphinx`

安装`sphinx_rtd_theme`

安装`recommonmark`

安装`pandoc`

安装`sphinx_markdown_tables`

安装`esbonio`

安装`sphinx-mathjax-offline` 